python-web
django models
from django.db.models import Count
from django.db import connection
select = {'day': connection.ops.date_trunc_sql('day', 'date_time')} # 按天统计
countday = msg.objects.filter(date_time__gte=start).filter(date_time__lte=end).extra(select=select).values('day').annotate(number=Count('id'))
days = []
for d in list(countday):
days.append([str(d['day']),d['number']])
days 结果
[['2018-09-26', 3], ['2018-09-27', 1], ['2018-09-28', 5], ['2018-09-25', 1], ['2018-09-24', 1]]
countall = msg.objects.filter(date_time__gte=start).filter(date_time__lte=end).count() # 统计总数
countuser = msg.objects.filter(date_time__gte=start).filter(date_time__lte=end).values_list('user_name').annotate(Count('user_name')) # 按字段统计去重统计
userdata = list(sorted(countuser,key=lambda user: user[1],reverse=True))[:5] # 获取前5个
userdata结果
[(u'root', 5), (u'pwm', 3), (u'test', 2), (u'lianggy', 1)]
http://www.cnblogs.com/yangmv/p/5327477.html
对数据进行增删改查
查
models.UserInfo.objects.all()
models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('user') #只取user列
models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','user') #取出id和user列，并生成一个列表
models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
models.UserInfo.objects.get(user='yangmv')
增
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user='yangmv',pwd='123456')
或者
obj = models.UserInfo(user='yangmv',pwd='123456')
obj.save()
或者
dic = {'user':'yangmv','pwd':'123456'}
models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
删
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(user='yangmv').delete()
改
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(user='yangmv').update(pwd='520')
或者
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(user='yangmv')
obj.pwd = '520'
obj.save()
二、常用字段
models.DateTimeField 日期类型 datetime
参数，
auto_now = True ：则每次更新都会更新这个时间
auto_now_add 则只是第一次创建添加，之后的更新不再改变。
class UserInfo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
ctime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
uptime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
from web import models
def home(request):
models.UserInfo.objects.create(name='yangmv')
after = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
print after[0].ctime
return render(request, 'home/home.html')
表结构的修改
表结构修改后，原来表中已存在的数据，就会出现结构混乱，makemigrations更新表的时候就会出错
解决方法：
1、新增加的字段，设置允许为空。生成表的时候，之前数据新增加的字段就会为空。(null=True允许数据库中为空，blank=True允许admin后台中为空)
2、新增加的字段，设置一个默认值。生成表的时候，之前的数据新增加字段就会应用这个默认值
2、连表结构
一对多：models.ForeignKey(其他表)
多对多：models.ManyToManyField(其他表)
一对一：models.OneToOneField(其他表)
应用场景：
一对多：当一张表中创建一行数据时，有一个单选的下拉框（可以被重复选择）
例如：创建用户信息时候，需要选择一个用户类型【普通用户】【金牌用户】【铂金用户】等。
多对多：在某表中创建一行数据是，有一个可以多选的下拉框
例如：创建用户信息，需要为用户指定多个爱好
一对一：在某表中创建一行数据时，有一个单选的下拉框（下拉框中的内容被用过一次就消失了
例如：原有含10列数据的一张表保存相关信息，经过一段时间之后，10列无法满足需求，需要为原来的表再添加5列数据
一对多：
class Game(models.Model):
gname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
game = models.ForeignKey('Game')
django uwsgi
yum install nginx uwsgi uwsgi-plugin-python2 -y
echo '/usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini /data/admin/uwsgi.ini &' >> /etc/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.local
重启 killall -9 uwsgi && /usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini /data/admin/uwsgi.ini
uwsgi.ini 内容
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true
vhost = true
no-site = true
workers = 2
reload-mercy = 10
vacuum = true
max-requests = 1000
limit-as = 512
buffer-size = 30000
plugins = python
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi.pid
daemonize = /var/log/nginx/uwsgi.log
pythonpath = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
pythonpath = /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/
nginx 配置
gzip on;
server_tokens off;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT admin.wsgi;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /data/admin/;
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
location /static/ {
root /data/admin/;
expires 10d;
}
uwsgi+nginx
pip install Flask-Script uwsgi uwsgi-tools
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello():
return "Hello World!"
生产环境内，谁会用这样的代码呢，这只是Flask 的最简入门范，我的Flask项目中 app 是被做在包内的，相信很多人都是这样做的，
在包外我们采用 Flask Script 写一个 manage.py 文件 作为启动文件，这更方便于支持各种的项目，包括可以安装到 window下的 FastCGI 中。
那么我的 这个 manage.py 是这个样子的：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
if os.path.exists('.env'):
print('Importing environment from .env...')
for line in open('.env'):
var = line.strip().split('=')
if len(var) == 2:
os.environ[var[0]] = var[1]
from app import create_app
from flask.ext.script import Manager, Shell
# 通过配置创建 app
app = create_app(os.getenv('FLASK_CONFIG') or 'default')
manager = Manager(app)
def make_shell_context():
return dict(app=app)
manager.add_command("shell", Shell(make_context=make_shell_context))
@manager.command
def deploy():
"""Run deployment tasks."""
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
这样做我地开发环境可以这样运行 Flask:
python manage.py runserver
uwsgi配置
vim config.ini
[uwsgi]
# uwsgi 启动时所使用的地址与端口
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
# 指向网站目录
chdir = /var/www/html/solr/
buffer-size = 32768
post-buffering = 8192
# python 启动程序文件
wsgi-file = log_uwsgi.py
# python 程序内用以启动的 application 变量名
callable = app
# 处理器数
processes = 4
# 线程数:
threads = 2
#状态检测地址
stats = 127.0.0.1:8002
启动 uwsgi config.ini
测试 uwsgi_curl 127.0.0.1:8001
supervisor控制程序启动
yum install supervisor nginx -y （pip install supervisor 安装新版本的）
vim /etc/supervisord.conf 底下添加
[program:my_flask]
command=/usr/bin/uwsgi /var/www/html/solr/config.ini
directory=/var/www/html/solr/
user=root
autostart=true
autorestart=true ;程序异常退出后自动重启
loglevel=info
log_stdout=true ; if true, log program stdout (default true)
log_stderr=true ; if true, log program stderr (def false)
logfile_maxbytes=3MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
logfile=/var/log/upload.log
启动服务 service supervisor start
终止服务 service supervisor stop （有可能听不掉，不行就kill -9）
vim /ect/nginx/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name XXX.XXX.XXX; #公网地址或域名
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8001; # 指向uwsgi 所应用的内部地址,所有请求将转发给uwsgi 处理
# uwsgi_param UWSGI_PYHOME /home/www/my_flask/venv; # 指向虚拟环境目录
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /home/www/my_flask; # 指向网站根目录
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT manage:app; # 指定启动程序
}
}
post请求
header信息
print request.headers
print request.headers.get('X-Real-Ip', request.remote_addr)
get请求信息
print request.args
print request.args.get('key')
post请求信息
print request.form
print request.form.get('key')
不管post/get使用统一的接收
from flask import request
args = request.args if request.method == 'GET' else request.form
a = args.get('a', 'default')
form 表单数据
print request.form
print request.form['name']
print request.form.get('name')
print request.form.getlist('name')
print request.form.get('nickname', default='little apple')
upload api
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64 | #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import os
import commands
from flask import Flask, request, redirect,render_template
import urllib
import logging
import re
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(levelname)s : %(message)s', filename='/var/log/upload.log')
UPLOAD_FOLDER = '/var/www/html/logfile/now'
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = UPLOAD_FOLDER
#app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 1 * 1024 * 1024
@app.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
if request.method == 'POST':
#ALL_DATA = eval(request.get_data())
ALL_DATA = request.get_data()
ALL_DATA = urllib.unquote(ALL_DATA)
try:
meetingid = re.findall(r'meetingid=[0-9]+',ALL_DATA)[0].split('=')[1]
fileName = re.findall(r'(?<=fileName=).*\d+\.(?:error|log)',ALL_DATA)[0].replace('error','error.log')
except:
print ALL_DATA
return "bad"
#print ALL_DATA
PATH = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'],meetingid)
if not os.path.isdir(PATH):
os.mkdir(PATH)
try:
with open(os.path.join(PATH,fileName),'a') as f:
f.write(ALL_DATA)
except IOError:
os._exit(1)
return "OK!"
@app.route("/crossdomain.xml", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def cross():
return '''<?xml version="1.0"?>
<cross-domain-policy>
<allow-access-from domain="*" />
<allow-access-from domain="www.3mang.com" />
</cross-domain-policy>'''
@app.route("/download",methods=['GET','POST'])
def download():
if request.method == 'POST':
os.environ['url']=request.form['url']
result=commands.getoutput('/usr/local/solr/1.sh $url')
if re.match(r'.*.zip',result):
return render_template('download.html',result=result)
else:
return render_template('download.html',message=result)
return render_template('download.html')
@app.route("/todayid",methods=['GET','POST'])
def todayid():
if request.method == 'POST':
os.environ['classid']=request.form['classid']
result=commands.getoutput('/usr/local/solr/2.sh $classid')
if re.match(r'.*.zip',result):
return render_template('todayid.html',result=result)
else:
return render_template('todayid.html',message=result)
return render_template('todayid.html')
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.info(app.run(host='0.0.0.0', threaded=True,port=13966, debug=False))
|
上下文
上下文
上下文译自context，文字解释起来比较费劲
针对你的问题，可以简单地理解为一个应用运行过程中/一次请求中的所有数据
对于应用，上下文包括但不限于：
应用的启动脚本是哪个文件，启动时指定了哪些参数
加载了哪些配置文件，导入了哪些配置
连了哪个数据库
有哪些public的工具类、常量
应用跑再哪个机器上，IP多少，内存多大...
对于一次请求，就是
请求的方法、地址、参数、post上来的数据、带上来的cookie...
当前的session
处理这个请求时创建出来的变量、对象..
http://www.cnblogs.com/hazir/p/what_is_web_framework.html
http://blog.jobbole.com/84870/
https://www.zhihu.com/question/34873227
基础
from flask import Flask,render_template,session,request,abort, redirect, url_for
app = Flask(__name__) 创建了这个类的实例
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def hello_world():
return redirect(url_for('login')) 重定向到/login，url_for函数
@app.route('/login')
def login():
abort(401)
this_is_never_executed()
@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(error):
return render_template('page_not_found.html'), 404 自定义404错误页面
@app.route('/user/<username>') 变量名
def show_user_profile(username):
# show the user profile for that user
return 'User %s' % username 传入变量
登录
@app.route('/')
def index():
if 'username' in session:
return 'Logged in as %s' % escape(session['username'])
return 'You are not logged in'
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
session['username'] = request.form['username']
return redirect(url_for('index'))
return '''
<form action="" method="post">
<p><input type=text name=username>
<p><input type=submit value=Login>
</form>
'''
@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
# 如果会话中有用户名就删除它。
session.pop('username', None)
return redirect(url_for('index'))
# 设置密钥，复杂一点：
app.secret_key = 'A0Zr98j/3yX R~XHH!jmN]LWX/,?RT'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0',debug=True,)
渲染模板
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
user = request.form.get('user', 'Flask')
return render_template('index.html', user=user)
@app.route('/hello/<name>')
def hello(name=None):
return render_template('hello.html',name=name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
vim templates/index.html
<html>
<title>Flask - Vfast</title>
<body>
<h1>Hello, {{ user|title }}!</h1></br>
<form method='POST'>
<input type='text', name='user'>
<input type='submit', name='submit'>
</form>
</body>
</html>
vim templates/hello.html
<!doctype html>
<title>Hello from Flask</title>
{% if name %}
<h1>Hello {{ name }}!</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
{% endif %}
上传文件
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
user = request.form.get('user', 'Flask')
return render_template('index.html', user=user)
@app.route('/hello/<name>')
def hello(name=None):
return render_template('hello.html',name=name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
vim templates/index.html
<html>
<title>Flask - Vfast</title>
<body>
<h1>Hello, {{ user|title }}!</h1></br>
<form method='POST'>
<input type='text', name='user'>
<input type='submit', name='submit'>
</form>
</body>
</html>
vim templates/hello.html
<!doctype html>
<title>Hello from Flask</title>
{% if name %}
<h1>Hello {{ name }}!</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
{% endif %}
falcon邮件网关
使用 curl http://127.0.0.1:8900 -d "tos=lianggy@163.cn&subject=dd&content=aa"
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36 | #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import os
from flask import Flask, request
import logging
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
mailfrom = 'test'
mailserver = '172.29.0.68'
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(levelname)s : %(message)s', filename='mailapi.log')
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
if request.method == 'POST':
content = request.form.get("content")
tos = request.form.get("tos")
subject = request.form.get("subject")
try:
mail = '/usr/local/bin/sendEmail -f %s -t %s -u "%s" -m "%s" -s %s' %
(mailfrom, tos, subject, content, mailserver)
result = os.popen(mail).read()
logging.info(result)
return result
except Exception,e:
return str(e)
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.info(app.run(host='127.0.0.1', threaded=True,port=8900, debug=False))
#app.run(host='0.0.0.0', threaded=True,port=8900, debug=True)
|
table分页
<table class="table table-condensed table-bordered">
<caption>title</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机</th>
<th>监控项</th>
<th>备注</th>
<th>时间</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="table_result">
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul id="barcon" class="pagination pull-right"></ul> //空的用来放分页后的表格
js：------------------------------------------
goPage(1,6);
function goPage(pno, psize) {
var itable = document.getElementById("table_result");//通过ID找到表格
var num = itable.rows.length;//表格所有行数(所有记录数)
var totalPage = 0;//总页数
var pageSize = psize;//每页显示行数
//总共分几页
if (num / pageSize > parseInt(num / pageSize)) {
totalPage = parseInt(num / pageSize) + 1;
} else {
totalPage = parseInt(num / pageSize);
}
var currentPage = pno;//当前页数
var startRow = (currentPage - 1) * pageSize + 1;//开始显示的行 1
var endRow = currentPage * pageSize;//结束显示的行 6
endRow = (endRow > num) ? num : endRow;
//遍历显示数据实现分页
for (var i = 1; i < (num + 1); i++) {
var irow = itable.rows[i - 1];
if (i >= startRow && i <= endRow) {
irow.style.display = "table-row"; //当前页的数据
} else {
irow.style.display = "none"; //非当前页的数据
}
}
var tempStr = "";
if (currentPage > 1) {
tempStr += "<li><a href=\"#\" onClick=\"goPage(" + (currentPage - 1) + "," + psize + ")\">«</a></li>"
for (var j = 1; j <= totalPage; j++) {
tempStr += "<li><a href=\"#\" onClick=\"goPage(" + j + "," + psize + ")\">" + j + "</a></li>"
}
} else {
tempStr += "<li><a href=\"#\">«</a></li>";
for (var j = 1; j <= totalPage; j++) {
tempStr += "<li><a href=\"#\" onClick=\"goPage(" + j + "," + psize + ")\">" + j + "</a></li>"
}
}
if (currentPage < totalPage) {
tempStr += "<li><a href=\"#\" onClick=\"goPage(" + (currentPage + 1) + "," + psize + ")\">»</a></li>";
for (var j = 1; j <= totalPage; j++) {
}
} else {
tempStr += "<li><a href=\"#\">»</a></li>";
for (var j = 1; j <= totalPage; j++) {
}
}
document.getElementById("barcon").innerHTML = tempStr;
}